Thyroid Gland

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck. This gland directly affects the metabolism and overall functioning of the body. One of the most common thyroid problems is goiter, an enlargement of the gland, which affects millions of people around the world. But what is goiter, why does it develop, and how can it be treated?

What is Goiter?

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, which may or may not be visible. This condition may be associated with normal (euthyroidism), increased (hyperthyroidism), or decreased (hypothyroidism) thyroid function.

Types of Goiter:

• Diffuse: When the entire gland is uniformly enlarged.

• Nodular: When nodules form in the thyroid.

Causes of Goiter

• Iodine Deficiency: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones; its deficiency is a major cause of goiter in many areas of the world.

• Autoimmune diseases: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are often associated with goiter.

• Infections or inflammation: Thyroiditis can cause temporary swelling of the gland.

• Genetic factors: A family history of thyroid problems increases the risk of developing goiter.

Symptoms of Goiter

Physical Symptoms:

• Visible swelling or mass in the neck.

• Difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Systemic Symptoms:

• Fatigue.

• Weight variations.

• Trembling hands.

• Heart rhythm disturbances.

Goiter Diagnosis

To diagnose goiter, the endocrinologist may use several diagnostic tools, including:

• Blood tests: To check levels of the hormones T3, T4 and TSH.

• Thyroid ultrasound: To evaluate the structure and presence of nodules.

• Fine needle aspiration: Used in suspected cases to analyze thyroid cells.

Goiter Treatment

• Medications: Thyroid hormones or medications to reduce hormone production.

• Radioactive iodine therapy: Used to reduce the size of the thyroid gland.

• Surgery: In severe cases, such as large goiter or suspected thyroid cancer.

Conclusion

Goiter is a condition that requires specialized medical attention. Timely diagnosis and proper treatment help prevent complications. If you notice swelling in the neck or other symptoms, do not hesitate to consult an endocrinologist for a thorough evaluation.