Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones lose density and strength, becoming more fragile and prone to fracture. This condition poses a serious challenge to bone health, especially as we age.

Causes and Risk Factors

    1. Non-modifiable risk factors:
        • Age: The risk increases with age.
        • Gender: Women are more predisposed due to hormonal changes after menopause.
        • Family history: A family history of osteoporosis increases the risk.

    2. Modifiable risk factors:
        • Poor diet: Lack of calcium and vitamin D.
        • Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity damages bone strength.
        • Smoking and alcohol: Reduced bone density.
        • Medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids, can damage bones.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis often develops silently without any obvious symptoms. However, symptoms may include:

        • Minor bone fractures, such as after a minor fall.
        • Reduction in height over time.
        • Back pain due to fractures of the vertebrae.
        • Stooped posture (kyphosis).

Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

The diagnosis is made with specific tests:

        • Bone densitometry (DXA): Test that measures bone mineral density.
        • Blood and urine tests: Evaluation of calcium and vitamin D levels.

Osteoporosis Treatment

Treatment aims to slow bone loss, strengthen existing bones, and reduce the risk of fractures.

    1. Drug therapy:
        • Bisphosphonates: Drugs that slow the loss of bone density.
        • Denosumab: Injectable therapy that strengthens bones.
        • Hormones: Hormone therapy for women after menopause.

    2. Diet and supplements: • Increase calcium and vitamin D
        intake through dairy products and fish.

    3. Physical activity:
        • Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, running, or lifting weights, help strengthen bones.

    4. Lifestyle changes:
        • Avoid smoking and alcohol.
        • Make your home safe to reduce the risk of falls.

Osteoporosis Prevention

Prevention is essential! Some tips to protect bone health:

        • Balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.
        • Regular physical activity to stimulate bone health.
        • Early screening for post-menopausal women and people at high risk.

Osteoporosis is a common disease, but it can be managed and prevented with proper care.